Theory
ResearchFrontier structures and internal systems

Pitch-Class Set Theory

A comprehensive catalog of all 224 set classes in 12-tone equal temperament, based on Allen Forte's classification system.

224
Set Classes
23
Z-Pairs
96
Symmetric Sets
12
Cardinalities

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Cardinality Distribution

1
0
1
1
6
2
12
3
29
4
38
5
50
6
38
7
29
8
12
9
6
10
1
11
1
12

Number of distinct set classes for each cardinality (0-12)

Featured Set Classes

Key Concepts

Prime Form

The prime form is the most compact representation of a pitch-class set, transposed to start on 0 and inverted if necessary. Two sets with the same prime form belong to the same set class.

Prime form pitch class clockCC#DD#EFF#GG#AA#B[0,4,7]3 pitch classes
T0

Interval Vector

The interval vector counts how many of each interval class (1-6) appear in a set. Sets with the same interval vector but different prime forms are called Z-related.

Major/Minor Triad (3-11)

<0,0,1,1,1,0> (sum: 3)
0
ic1
0
ic2
1
ic3
1
ic4
1
ic5
0
ic6
ic1: m2/M7
ic2: M2/m7
ic3: m3/M6
ic4: M3/m6
ic5: P4/P5
ic6: TT

Quick Reference

Showing 12 of 224 set classes
Forte # Prime FormIC VectorCard
3-1[0,1,2]<2,1,0,0,0,0>3
3-2[0,1,3]<1,1,1,0,0,0>3
3-3[0,1,4]<1,0,1,1,0,0>3
3-4[0,1,5]<1,0,0,1,1,0>3
3-5[0,1,6]<1,0,0,0,1,1>3
3-6[0,2,4]<0,2,0,1,0,0>3
3-7[0,2,5]<0,1,1,0,1,0>3
3-8[0,2,6]<0,1,0,1,0,1>3
3-9[0,2,7]<0,1,0,0,2,0>3
3-10[0,3,6]<0,0,2,0,0,1>3
3-11[0,3,7]<0,0,1,1,1,0>3
3-12[0,4,8]<0,0,0,3,0,0>3

T-Sym: Transpositional symmetry (how many transpositions map the set to itself)

I-Sym: Inversional symmetry (how many inversions map the set to itself)

Z-Mate: Z-related set class (same interval vector, different prime form)